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Press relase: pdfSAG2022-englisch.pdf148.76 kB

This year we could present the award to two researchers for their excellent work out of many submissions:

Anne Lüscher

Luescher PortraitThe circulation of pathogens in the form of aerosols is an important route of transmission of diseases and respiratory infections in particular. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has once again shown that airborne virus distribution is extremely complex and that current understanding is insufficient to make accurate predictions about the transmission dynamics in practice. To improve this understanding, tracers - substances that behave similarly to aerosolized viruses in terms of size and properties - are essential. Anne Lüscher and her co-authors therefore developed a new tracing method to improve and simplify the study of indoor aerosol dynamics. In their award-winning work, they were able to show that silica particles with encapsulated DNA (SPEDs) can be deployed in aerosolized form, followed by recapturing and quantification at different positions. This is enabled by "DNA barcodes" enclosed in the particles: Short synthetic DNA sequences can be reliably detected by the PCR method with high accuracy and a sensitivity at the single-particle level. The silica matrix on the one hand protects the DNA and, on the other hand, can be produced size-specifically. In the published work, position-, ventilation- and time-dependent effects of indoor aerosol exposure could be demonstrated using SPEDs, enabling conclusions on the room architecture and air circulation. The proposed setup requires little technical infrastructure and is therefore mobile, making it particularly suitable for the investigation of real-life exposure scenarios in indoor settings, transportation scenarios and the environment.

Original title: Luescher, AM, Koch, J, Stark, WJ, Grass, RN. Silica-encapsulated DNA tracers for measuring aerosol distribution dynamics in real-world settings. Indoor Air. 2022; 32:e12945. https://doi.org/10.1111/ina.12945

Nadine Karlen

Nadine Karlen PortraitAt the University of Applied Sciences FHNW, Brugg-Windisch, a novel aerosol measurement method called DustEar has been developed that detects particles acoustically. It allows the direct measurement of the mass of single particles. From this, the PM concentration can be determined. In Switzerland particle PM exposure is regulated and total mass of airborne particles of health relevant sizes (e.g. PM10) is monitored. Therefore this measurement principle with its robust setting and direct measurement can make an important contribution in the field of aerosol monitoring.

Human health is affected by exposure to high or long-term aerosol concentrations. Due to their small size, aerosol particles can reach the lungs via the respiratory tract and also enter the bloodstream, where they can cause serious diseases. Therefore, limit values for aerosol mass concentrations are regulated by the WHO and need to be monitored. Due to the heterogeneity of aerosol concentrations and their complex interactions with the environment, long-term measurements of air pollution require both high spatial and temporal resolution for reliable statements about fluctuations or trends. Currently, there is no accurate way to determine mass-based exposure values or PM concentrations at specific locations in real time. To close this gap, DustEar enables reliable and cost-effective PM measurements.

In the awarded work, the proof of concept for a new measurement method was provided where aerosols are detected acoustically. The measurement principle allows the in-situ detection of liquid and solid particles. In the DustEar particles are accelerated in a nozzle and impact on a piezoelectric sensor. Each impacted particle generates a characteristic signal pulse whose amplitude is proportional to the particle mass. The study showed a current detection limit of 50 picogram particle mass that corresponds to a particle size of several micrometers. The challenges in the development of this measurement method included turbulence-free flow guidance with a defined flow profile, the design of a low-noise electronic circuit and the suitable selection of a piezo transducer. On the one hand, the transducer has to be robust against the noise of the air flow and, on the other hand, it has to be sensitive enough to detect the particle signals. The goal of a current Innosuisse project is to further lower the detection limit to submicrometer sizes. This requires special conditions, such as a particle impaction at reduced pressure, to ensure the impaction of the small particles. To be able to detect them, the signal-to-noise ratio must be improved by several orders of magnitude by increasing the particle velocity and optimizing the electronics and sensor technology.

DustEar combines the advantages of the state-of-the-art measurement methods in a simple, robust and portable measurement device based on direct mass measurement. Thus, it will enable a denser monitoring network with comparable reference devices that allow reliable long-term measurements. DustEar can also be used for source apportionment studies due to the size-resolved data.

The new measurement principle has the potential to make a valuable contribution to one of the most important research topics of our society: the improvement of air quality monitoring.

Information: Nadine Karlen, Research Associate, Aerosol measurement group, Institute for Sensors and Electronics, University of Applied Sciences, Windisch, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., 056 202 84 59

Original title: Single Aerosol Particle Detection by Acoustic Impaction; Source: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9768831

The Swiss Aerosol Award will be/was presented  November 2nd 2022 at the 17th meeting of the Swiss Aerosol Group (SAG).

Thanks to a generous donation from the Swiss Lung Foundation, every year the Swiss
Aerosol Group (SAG) can award a prize of 5'000 CHF to the best scientific publication
in the field of international Aerosol research, written from within Switzerland.

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Parent Category: Swiss Aerosol Award - Schweizer Aerosol Preis
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Cover Mein Corona TagebuchOtto Brändli hat seit Februar 2020 ein Corona-Tagebuch geschrieben und jetzt liegt es in gedruckter Form vor: seine Gedanken über Bücher, Politik und Philosophie und natürlich auch über seine Überlegungen zu Covid.
In der Internet Buchhandlung seiner Frau Therese, auf www.buchland.ch kann es zum Preis von Fr. 30.00 plus Porto This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. werden.

Otto Brändli has published his Corona-diary since February 2020. It shows not only his thoughts about the Covid- pandemic but as well his ideas about books, politics and philosophy.
It can be ordered from the internet-bookstore of his wife Therese on www.buchland.ch. Just click on This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. to get it for Fr. 30.00 plus postage.

 

 

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Press relase: pdfPress-Summary-Swiss-Aerosol-Award-2021.pdf133.8 kB

Fine dust exacerbates colds

Exposure to particulate matter alters the immune response of nasal epithelial cells in a way that makes it easier for cold viruses to multiply. This leads to a stronger inflammatory response, which is thought to be associated with more symptoms. This was shown by PD Dr. Loretta Müller and PD Dr. Jakob Usemann in their work - which was awarded the Swiss Aerosol Award 2021. 

It has been known for some time that particulate matter and other air pollutants can influence the immune response and the reproduction of influenza viruses. However, it has not yet been investigated whether air pollution alters infection with the so-called rhinoviruses. Rhinoviruses are very frequent viruses and mainly cause the common cold. In children, however, rhinoviruses can also cause severe respiratory symptoms. In addition, rhinovirus infection may predispose for later asthma development. 

In their award-winning work on the influence of diesel particles on the susceptibility of nasal epithelial cells to rhinovirus infection, PD Dr. Loretta Müller, group leader in the Pediatric Pneumology and Allergology at the University Children’s Hospital, Inselspital Bern and the Department of BioMedical Research (DBMR) at the University of Bern, and PD Dr. Jakob Usemann, consultant at the University Children’s Hospital Zürich and research associate at the Children's Hospital of Basel (UKBB), were able to show that prior exposure to diesel particles increases the amount of rhinovirus in nasal epithelial cells. This occurs via the downregulation of viral defense receptors and an upregulation of inflammatory messenger substances. The study, which included nasal epithelial cells from 49 children aged 0-7 years and 12 adults, also showed that the effects were independent of the participant’s age.

The Swiss Aerosol Award will be/was presented on 02 November 2021 at the 16th meeting of the Swiss Aerosol Group (SAG). The prize is endowed with CHF 5 000. 

Information: 

  • Otto Brändli, Swiss Lung Foundation, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.; 079 688 53 37
  • PD Dr. Loretta Müller, Pediatric Pneumology and Allergology, University Children’s Hospital, Inselspital Bern and Department of BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., 079 605 32 22
  • PD Dr. med Jakob Usemann, PhD, University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., 076 441 95 18

Original title: Diesel exposure increases susceptibility of primary human nasal epithelial cells to rhinovirus infection

Source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8451029/  

 

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Parent Category: Swiss Aerosol Award - Schweizer Aerosol Preis
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Unsere 1988 (als Pro pulmone) gegründete Stiftung erfüllt ihren Zweck sowohl in der Schweiz als auch im Ausland, ganz besonders auch während der aktuellen Corona- Pandemie: durch die Ausbildung von Lungenärzten in Äthiopien und Kirgistan und durch den Kampf gegen Feinstaubpartikel aus Verbrennung und gegen die Coronaviren- Aerosole in der Luft in der Schweiz

East African Training Initiative in Äthiopien

Bisher sind alle mit unseren bisherigen Sponsor Beiträgen ausgebildeten 18 Lungenärzte in Äthiopien tätig geblieben und haben wichtige Positionen im dortigen Gesundheitswesen eingenommen: die Leitung der Abteilungen für Innere Medizin und für Lungenkrankheiten im Black-Lion-Universitätsspital in Addis Ababa, die Leitung der Intensivstationen dort für Kinder und Erwachsene sowie die Leitung von weiteren Lungenabteilungen in der Hauptstadt (St. Paul’s Hospital) und in Provinzstädten von Äthiopien (Mekelle und Bahir Dar) und in Rwanda und Tanzania. Auch die äthiopische Lungenorganisation (Äthiopien Thoracic Society) steht unter ihrer Leitung.

Unsere Absolventen stehen in regelmässigem Kontakt mit der Columbia Universität und dem Weill Cornell Medical College (Deborah Haisch) in New York und dem New York Medical College in Valhalla, NY 10595 (Prof. Neil Schluger) und der Brown Universität in Providence, Rhode Island (Prof. Charles Sherman), meinen internationalen Kollegen im Leitungsteam der EATI. Im Berichtsjahr hat Swiss Lung ein Fiberbronchoskop für Kinder und den Ankauf von Schutzmaterial für die Mitarbeitenden in den COVID-Isolationsstationen in Addis bewilligt. Die Hauptlast der weiteren Finanzierung liegt jetzt allerdings bei der Organisation Vital Strategies, dem Zusammenschluss der World Lung Fundation von Bloomberg und der IUATLD, der internationalen Lungenorganisation in Nordamerika.

Lung Health in Kirgistan

Für weitere Projekte zur Bekämpfung von Lungenkrankheiten in Kirgistan haben wir erfreulicherweise von der Löwenstein Medical Schweiz AG erneut einen grösseren Betrag erhalten. In der Berichtsperiode konnten damit 2 Studien zum Thema Prävention von Höhenkrankheiten bei Patienten mit chronisch obstruktiver Lungenkrankheit (COPD), bzw. bei über 45-jährigen, gesunden Personen, durchgeführt und zur Publikation vorbereitet werden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass das Medikament Azetazolamid (Diamox) sowohl bei den COPD Patienten als auch bei den älteren gesunden Probanden unerwünschte gesundheitliche Auswirkungen eines Höhenaufenthaltes von 2 Tagen auf 3100 m reduziert. Während bei Patienten mit moderater bis schwerer COPD zur Verhütung eines Falls von Höhenkrankheit 3-4 Patienten präventiv behandelt werden mussten, waren dies bei den älteren, gesunden Probanden deutlich mehr, nämlich 10 Personen für jeden verhüteten Fall. In beiden Studiengruppen war das Medikament gut verträglich. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studien sind neuartig und relevant für die Praxis, da bisher lediglich Daten über die Prävention von Höhenkrankheiten bei jungen gesunden Personen verfügbar waren.

Wegen der Corona Pandemie war 2020 kein Aufenthalt von Schweizern in Kirgistan möglich. Die Zeit wurde jedoch für die Analyse der grossen Datenmenge genutzt, die in den erwähnten Studien gesammelt wurde. Mehrere weitere Publikationen sind ebenfalls in Vorbereitung. Seit Mai 2021 sind 10-16 Mitarbeiter des Teams aus Zürich in Kirgistan im Rahmen weiterer Projekte tätig.

Swiss Aerosol Award 2020

Der Swiss Aerosol Award wird anlässlich der virtuellen Tagung der Schweizerischen Aerosol Gesellschaft am 3.11.2020 zum 10. Mal verliehen. Die jungen Preisträger präsentierten ihre Forschungsergebnisse über den Ausstoss von Feinstaubpartikeln durch einen Businessjet (Dr. Lukas Durdina, EMPA und ZHAW) und über die automatisierte Auswertung von Pollenmessungen (Eric Sauvageat, Uni Bern, und Yanik Zeder, Swisens AG, ex aequo).

Die erste Studie ist sehr wichtig dafür, dass die Emissionen von den kleinen Jets auch limitiert werden, genauso wie jetzt bei den grossen. Die zweite macht die Auswertung von Echtzeit- Messung der Pollenbelastung erstmals möglich.

 

Weitere Unterstützungen

Für ein Gesuch des Verantwortlichen und Gründers der jährlichen ETH Konferenz über Nanopartikel, Dr. A. Mayer, für ein dringendes Forschungsprojekt, für das auch des BAFU, Bundesamt für Umwelt bereits sfr 50‘000 aus der Umwelttechnologieförderung in Aussicht gestellt hat und das sofort starten könnte, haben wurde ein Startbeitrag von SFR 20'000 ausbezahlt. Das Ziel dieser Untersuchung ist, auf Basis des schon bestehenden Kabinenfilters der NanocleanAir GmbH ein Filtersystem zu entwickeln, das nebst der Eigenschaft der hocheffizienten Filtration von Nanopartikeln aus der Atemluft wie Russpartikel auch Viren filtert und unschädlich macht, und dieses auch produktionstechnisch soweit zu bringen, dass es durch Lizenzvergabe in den Markt eingeführt werden kann.  Es scheint auch, dass Feinstaubpartikel in der Luft die Verbreitung von Coronaviren zusätzlich begünstigen, weshalb Hotspots für Covid-19 vor allem in Grossstädten wie Wuhan und New York sowie der Region Mailand und in der Schweiz im Tessin liegen! Die Studie mit den, von der Lungenliga Zürich bereits 2015 geförderten Filtern für die Fahrzeugkabinen, könnte sehr wichtig sein, wenn wir nach der Lockdown -Phase wieder in einen «Normalzustand» trotz weiterbestehender Corona-Pandemie übergehen können.

Auch von Carl und Mathilde-Thiel-Stiftung in Küsnacht ZH haben wir erfreulicherweise erneut einen Beitrag zur freien Verfügung erhalten und verdankt.

Dank

Ich denke allen Stiftungsräten für ihre ehrenamtlich erbrachte gute Mitarbeit und speziell unserem Quästor für seinen grossen Einsatz

Dr. O. Brändli, Präsident

Wald/Zürich, 8.9.2021

Jahresbericht: pdfJahresbericht-Schweizerische-Lungenstiftung-2020-2021.pdf561.25 kB herunterladen

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Press relase:      Download: pdfswissaerosolaward_2020_englisch.pdf630.24 kB   |  pdfZusammenfassung.Sauvageat_Zeder.pdf144.79 kB

The 10th Swiss Aerosol Award has been presented at the annual conference of the Swiss Aerosol Society November 3, 2020 to Dr. Lukas Durdina (EMPA and ZHAW) for his publications on particulate emissions of a business jet and to Eric Sauvageat (Uni Berne) and Yanik Zeder (Swisens AG) for their work on Real-time pollen monitoring using digital holography.

Dr. Lukas Durdina and his Co-authors first reported particulate matter emissions of a business jet aircraft measured according to a new international emissions standard

Business aviation is a relatively small but steadily growing and little investigated emissions source. Regarding emissions, aircraft turbine engines rated below 26.7 kN thrust are certified only for visible smoke and are excluded from the non-volatile particulate matter (nvPM) standard. Emissions data for small engines are lacking. As the demand for air travel surges, fuel burn from commercial aviation is expected to double in 40 the next 15 years. The fleet is even predicted to grow worldwide by 33% in the next 8 years.

Small plane - low emissions?

Despite the small aircraft size and relatively low fuel burn, the nvPM mass emission rates were up to a factor of 3 higher than previously reported for the Boeing 737 engines. We have shown here that a modern business jet may emit as much nvPM from airport operations as an airliner. The comparison with airliners at cruise altitude suggests that nvPM emissions from a business jet flight may be higher than those of an airliner. Expressed as a per-person burden (assuming 180 airliner passengers and 5 business jet passengers), the nvPM mass emissions are higher by a factor of 72 and the nvPM number emissions are higher by a factor of 24.

This study will serve for the development of emission inventories and the results could also be used in the regulatory framework for assessing the emissions certification requirements of small aircraft turbine engines

Durdina, L., Brem, B. T., Schönenberger, D., Siegerist, F., Anet, J. G., & Rindlisbacher, T. (2019). Nonvolatile Particulate Matter Emissions of a Business Jet Measured at Ground Level and Estimated for Cruising Altitudes. Environmental Science and Technology, 53(21), 12865–12872. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b02513

falcon award2020
Sunrise above the Falcon 900 EX with the exhaust sampling probe and instruments in place. Photo: Lukas Durdina.

As new real-time pollen monitoring devices emerge, there is a growing need for processing the large amount of measurement data in an accurate and efficient way. Eric Sauvageat and Yanik Zeder develop and validate a new algorithm to classify real-time particle measurements taken by the “Swisens Poleno”. This instrument is currently the only operational pollen monitoring device using digital holography.

To identify and classify the pollen particles measured by the Poleno, the holographic images are first used to separate pollen candidates from other particles based on their general shape. As a second step a machine learning algorithm was developed and trained by inserting known pollen particles in the device. The resulting dataset is then used on the unknown pollen grains to discriminate between the different taxa. This two-step procedure enabled the system to identify and classify 8 pollen types, whereby 6 of them had accuracies greater than 90%. In addition to the classification ability of the device, the authors also investigated the counting accuracy of the Poleno by performing controlled chamber experiments.

(Sauvageat, E., Zeder, Y., Auderset, K., Calpini, B., Clot, B., Crouzy, B., Konzelmann, T., Lieberherr, G., Tummon, F., and Vasilatou, K.: Real-time pollen monitoring using digital holography, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 1539–1550, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1539-2020, 2020)

 

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Parent Category: Swiss Aerosol Award - Schweizer Aerosol Preis
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